- 3,000 years ago, civilization spread from its Sumerian and Egyptian homelands right across southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa
- in other areas, people were still living the prehistoric village life of the agricultural revolution
the earliest Europeans

- by 4000 B.C., farming and village life had spread throughout the continent
- the affect of this was an increase in population and wealth
- by 3500 B.C., people in western Europe were well educated and organized enough to construct ceremonial monuments
- one of the most impressive monuments built by the early Europeans was the Stonehenge ------>
- indo-European people moved into Europe, and under the influence of newcomers, the settled people began to form into ethnic groups
- the earliest people of this region began to speak a language of a mixture of Greek and Latin
- the elite warriors lives centered around strength and courage, comradeship and loyalty, contests and battle
- among all Europeans, all the main business around life was farming
- they lived in villages or in big farmsteads that housed several related families
- from those, formed tribes
- Europe became inhabited by people who were skilled in farming, metal working, trade, and warfare; who all spoke mostly Ind-European languages
- over a period of 3000 years, the European barbarian peoples came into contact with civilization
- the contacts were sometimes peaceful, and sometimes warlike
- each visit, the barbarians adopted the ways of life of the civilizations they visited
- the first European barbarian people to make contact with civilization were the Greeks
- from this visit, the Greeks developed there own distinctive civilization of their own, the first in Europe, and the first that is "Western"
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